International Journal of Human Research and Social Science Studies

In the context of increasing globalization and digital transformation, fostering political awareness among Vietnamese students faces a complex mix of opportunities and challenges. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the formation and development of students' political awareness in this new environment. Based on a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire survey with a 5-point Likert scale) methods, with a sample of 350 students at several higher education institutions. The research results indicate four main groups of factors with significant influence, including: (i) educational and training factors; (ii) socio-cultural factors; (iii) the digital media environment; and (iv) the impact of globalization. In this context, education plays a decisive role in shaping political awareness and attitudes, while the digital media environment has a two-way impact, both expanding access to information and potentially leading to cognitive deviations. Simultaneously, traditional cultural values ​​continue to play a fundamental role in strengthening political acumen and civic consciousness. This research contributes to supplementing an integrated theoretical framework on political education in the context of globalization, and proposes policy implications to improve the effectiveness of political awareness training for Vietnamese students today.

Factors affecting, political awareness, training for students, global context

1. To Lam. (2025). The Future for the Young Generation to Flourish. Tuoi Tre Newspaper. https://tuoitre.vn/tong-bi-thu-to-lam-tuong-lai-cho-the-he-vuon-minh-20250324173442653.htm.
2. Secretariat of the Central Committee. (2015). Directive No. 42-CT/TW dated March 24, 2015 on strengthening the Party's leadership over the work of educating revolutionary ideals, ethics, and cultural lifestyle for the younger generation in the period 2015 – 2030. Hanoi.
3. Politburo. (2018). Resolution No. 35-NQ/TW dated October 22, 2018 on strengthening the protection of the Party's ideological foundation and combating erroneous and hostile viewpoints in the new situation. Hanoi.
4. Communist Party of Vietnam. (2021). Documents of the 13th National Congress. Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House.
5. Ho Chi Minh. (2011). Complete Works, Volume 9. Hanoi: National Politics Publishing House.
6. Bui, T. H. (2014). Deconstructing the “Socialist” Rule of Law in Vietnam: The Changing Discourse on Human Rights in Vietnam’s Constitutional Reform Process. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 36(1), 77–100. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43281278
7. Handayani, R., Narimo, S., Fuadi, D., Minsih, M., & Widyasari, C. (2023). Preserving Local Cultural Values ​​in Forming the Character of Patriotism in Elementary School Students in Wonogiri Regency. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 4(1), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v4i1.450
8. Nguyen Thi Hang. (2024). Enhancing the Education of Traditional National Moral Values ​​for Students in the Current Context. Journal of Theory and Communication. https://lyluanchinhtrivatruyenthong.vn/tang-cuong-giao-duc-gia-tri-dao-duc-truyen-thong-dan-toc-cho-sinh-vien-trong-boi-canh-hien-nay-p28230.html
9. Hong, V. V. (2022). Education patriotism from education of traditional cultural values. Synesis, 14(2), 119–134. Retrieved from https://seer.ucp.br/seer/index.php/synesis/article/view/2196
10. Nguyen Van Ky. (2023). Enhancing the political awareness of Vietnamese students today. Communist Journal. Retrieved from https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/nghien-cu/-/2018/827457/nang-cao-y-thuc-chinh-tri-cua-sinh-vien-viet-nam-hien-nay.aspx
11. Pham Dinh Khue. (2025). Promoting the role of Vietnamese traditional culture in the new development era. Journal of Political Theory. https://lyluanchinhtri.vn/phat-huy-vai-tro-cua-van-hoa-truyen-thong-viet-nam-trong-ky-nguyen-phat-trien-moi-6922.html
12. Loan, N. T. T., Thao, N. T. P., Phuong, D. D., & Luom, N. V. (2024). Educating Traditional Cultural Values ​​In Sustainable Development for Students Through Current World Cultural Heritage in Vietnam. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(2), e03809. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe03809
13. Long, N. T., & Van, V. H. (2022). The policy of preserving and developing traditional cultural values ​​of Vietnam: a case study of some Vietnamese folk beliefs. Synesis, 14(2), 311–329. Retrieved from https://seer.ucp.br/seer/index.php/synesis/article/view/2277
14. Ngo Thi Phuong Lan. (2024). Political, ideological, and moral education for students of Ho Chi Minh City National University in the new period. Journal of Party History. Retrieved from https://tapchilichsudang.vn/cong-tac-giao-duc-chinh-tri-tu-tuong-dao-duc-doi-voi-sinh-vien-dai-hoc-quoc-gia-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-trong-giai-doan-moi.html
15. Luongngoc, V., et al. (2022). Research and teaching of Marxism-Leninism at the universities: The requirements, difficulties and recommended solutions. Nuances: Estudos Sobre Educação, 33(00), e022011. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32930/nuances.v33i00.9489
16. Tran Thi My. (2022). Some measures to improve the political awareness of Vietnamese students today. Journal of Culture and Arts. Retrieved from https://vanhoanghethuat.vn/mot-so-bien-phap-nang-cao-y-thuc-chinh-tri-cua-sinh-vien-viet-nam-hien-nay-77753127.html
17. Nguyen Thi Ngo. (2025). Improving the quality of political education in protecting the ideological foundation of the Party for Philosophy students. Journal of Political Theory and Communication. Retrieved from https://lyluanchinhtrivatruyenthong.vn/nang-cao-chat-luong-cong-tac-giao-duc-pham-chat-chinh-tri-trong-bao-ve-nen-tang-tu-tuong-cua-dang-cho-sinh-vien-chuyen-nganh-triet-hoc-p29381.html
18. Le Thi Thu Phuong. (2025). Building the Vietnamese cultural and human values ​​system in the digital age. Journal of State Management. https://www.quanlynhanuoc.vn/2025/11/11/xay-dung-he-gia-tri-van-hoa-va-con-nguoi-viet-nam-trong-ky-nguyen-so/
19. Nguyen Duy Quynh. (2024). Vietnamese political cultural values ​​and their application in building a clean and strong state today. Journal of Political Theory. Retrieved from https://lyluanchinhtri.vn/gia-tri-van-hoa-chinh-tri-viet-nam-va-van-dung-trong-xay-dung-nha-nuoc-trong-sach-vung-manh-hien-nay-6150.html
20. Quynh, N. T., Hang, D. T., & Linh, H. T. (2017). Educating traditional cultural values ​​of ethnic areas for students of the Faculty of Literature (University of Education - Thai Nguyen University) through learning projects integrating cultural experiences. TNU Journal of Science and Technology, 227(12), 180-187.
21. Pratama, S. Y., Nurkamto, J., & Wijayanto, A. (2021). The Representation of Multicultural Values ​​in National Mandatory English Textbooks Used in Indonesian Secondary Schools. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(1), 472-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i1.2337
22. Shamsiyevich, N. E. (2023). Patriotic Education of Students of the Faculty of Military Education. Best Journal of Innovation in Science, Research and Development, 2(5), 320– 322. Retrieved from https://www.bjisrd.com/index.php/bjisrd/article/view/243 
23. Thanh, T.T., et al. (2023). The education of Marxism–Leninism and the application of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Synesis, 15 (2), pp. 234–253. Retrieved from https://seer.ucp.br/seer/index.php/synesis/article/view/2541 
24. Luu Duy Toan and Nguyen Xuan Dai. (2023). Promoting the cultural values ​​– the strength of Vietnamese people in the current period. Retrieved from State Management Journal. https://www.quanlynhanuoc.vn/2023/09/26/phat-huy-gia-tri-van-hoa-suc-manh-con-nguoi-viet-nam-trong-giai-doan-hien-nay/
25. Nguyen Phuong Trong. (2024). Educating Patriotism for Students According to Ho Chi Minh's Ideology. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(5), 3-8. DOI: 10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(5).01
26. Van, T. B., & Hong, V. V. (2025). Vietnam’s Patriotism and Its Significance in Comprehensive Education for Students. Cadernos De Educação Tecnologia E Sociedade, 18(se3), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v18.nse3.183-194
27. Van, V. H. (2024). Educating national cultural values for students from perspective building and developing cultural. Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade, 17 se2, p.134-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v17.nse2.134-146 
28. Vu, H. V. (2002). Management of educational activities in schools towards the approach of learners’ competency: a case study of a high school. Nuances: Estudos Sobre Educação, 32(00), e021005. https://doi.org/10.32930/nuances.v32i00.9118