International Journal of Human Research and Social Science Studies

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought significant changes to the process of creating digital works, including illustrations, music, graphic design, and audiovisual works. The emergence of generative AI raises legal issues in the field of copyright, particularly regarding the legal status of AI-generated works, the element of originality, and the parties that can be considered creators and copyright holders. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of AI-based works under Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright and to examine the legal standing of parties who may potentially hold copyright over works generated by AI. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Legal materials were obtained through a literature review and analyzed qualitatively using legal analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia’s copyright legal system remains oriented toward the concept of human authorship, which positions humans as the primary subjects of copyright creation. Artificial Intelligence cannot yet be recognized as a creator or a legal subject because it lacks legal personality and the capacity to independently exercise legal rights and fulfill legal obligations. Copyright protection for AI-based works fundamentally depends on the level of human creative involvement in the creation process. This study proposes a classification of human involvement in AI usage: AI as an assistive tool, collaborative creation with humans, and works generated entirely automatically by Artificial Intelligence. The greater the human intellectual contribution to the creative process, the greater the likelihood that the work will receive copyright protection. This study also highlights the need for copyright regulatory reform in Indonesia to make it more adaptive to the development of Artificial Intelligence and the digital creative industry

artificial intelligence, copyright, human authorship, originality, digital works.

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